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Ken Spours 2025

Neo-Gramscian Thinking for the 21st Century 

Sustainability
 

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The evolving theories of Antonio Gramsci -
from 1.0 to 2.0

Source. Institute of Export and International Trade

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Why Gramsci's Marxist political theory is so relevant today 

Here on kenspours.com, you will find the core concepts of Antonio Gramsci (Gramsci 1.0) comprehensively reinterpretated in the conditions of the 21st Century and applied to diverse fields - Gramsci 2.0.  This is intended as an analytical toolkit to help move beyond neoliberal hegemony and towards a 'new progressive settlement' based on fairness, democracy and sustainability amidst the challenges of climate breakdown and the rise of far right national populism (21st Century fascism).

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The corpus of Gramsci's Marxist political theory, illustrated in the inner ring of the diagram. While his original theoretical framework was a product of its time (principally to explain the defeat of communism in the West), its analytical capabilities have proven to be enduring. In recent decades, his ideas have been used to analyze complex 21st-century phenomena, from neoliberal globalization to climate change politics and now the rapid development of artificial intelligence. This evolving neo-Gramscian thinking, demonstrates its continued relevance for understanding the challenges of our times and seeking new forms of societal transformation.

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Gramsci 2.0 - an analytical toolkit for transitioning in the 21st Century 

Gramsci 2.0 has arisen from my fusion of the original Gramsci 1.0 corpus with 45-degree political economy-ecology analysis and social ecosystem theory, producing a comprehensive analytical toolkit to assist progressive transitioning.  The resulting synthesis leads to the elaboration of multiple key concepts illustrated in the outer ring of the above diagram and to be found on the main menu.

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Political strategy and the Just Transition

Additionally, there are related webpages on progressive political strategy written in collaboration with Compass.  These cover an evolving study of the political Right - previously the Conservative Party and now Right national populism - driven by the desire to know the political adversary. Conversely, there are deliberations on progressive politics through think pieces on the 21st Century political party, alliance-based politics, transitioning and new settlements and, most recently, the need for a political and cultural reset a failing British Labour Party. There are also webpages on the Just Transition that combines sustainability and social justice, education for the future; and most recently, dialectical cosmology and the cosmological structural intellect, that applies a range of Marxist concepts to conceptualise an evolving universe.  

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​​Current political writing

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​​​The New Mainstream: Radical realism to unite a fractured Labour Party and a divided nation - Ken Spours, 24 September, 2025

​​​​This latest blog published by Compass argues that Labour factionalism always leads to political failure and that the initiative and movement 'Mainstream' can help reunite Labour and provide a dynamic platform to defeat the Far Right.  The blog also contains a brief analysis of Mainstream as an alliance-based idea and strategy.

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​Current research - socialised GenAI

​​Ken's current work concerns the conceptualisation of socialised large language models (LLMs) and the collaboration between the human and artificial 'intellects' to assist with complex problem solving and producing progressive socio-technological outcomes.  In the side bar, you will find pre-publication drafts of two articles that are forthcoming in journal form. The first, created with colleagues at Capital Normal University (CNU) Beijing, reports recent research with members of acadmic staff concerning their experience of LLMs in research and teaching in early 2025. Building on the first, the second article proposes an alternative socialised system of generative artificial intelligence in an era of Platform Capitalism 2.0. Both foundational pieces will inform the 'Large Language Model Development Programme' at CNU in November 2025 to be offered to both staff and students at the College of Education.

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Recent publications

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Ken Spours. 2025.

Transitioning to socialised systems of generative artificial intelligence in an era of Platform Capitalism 2.0.  The role of technological organic intellectuals & the technological general intellect

 Article submitted to MDPI journal Systems

Liying Rong, Zhen Zhong and Ken Spours. 2025. 

Exploring evolving ‘problem spaces’ of large language models: mediation relationships between users and the new technology in teaching and research in Chinese higher education - forthcoming journal article

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Ken Spours. 2025. 

45-Degree Change 2.0.Building the alternative bloc through progressive mediation

forthcoming political think piece

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Ken Spours. 2025.

National Populism and the Political Three Body Problem.  Compass publications

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Ken Spours. 2025.

Social Ecosystem Thinking 2.0.  

Redrafted Stimulus Paper of the Workshop on 'Skills Ecosystems and the Just Transition'.  Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, 20-24 November 2023.

Ship and the Sea

Ken Spours & Neal Lawson. 2023.

The Ship and the Sea. The Framework for a New Settlement. Compass Publications.

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Ken Spours & Paul Grainger. 2023.

The mediating role of further and higher education in a Just Transition social ecosystem  Journal of Vocational Education and Training. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2023.2258521​

The collapse of UK Tory political popularity

Ken Spours. 2022.

Hegemony Lost.  The decline of the Tory historical project.  Compass Publications. 

Ken Spours TED Talk

'An English Education Revolution' (2011)

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This TED talk focused on the 'revolutionary' idea that English education should be free from ministerial political interference.  Delivered in the aftermath of the Gove/Cummings 2010 Tory Education Act and New Labour's top-down managerial governance approach, it suggested that treating education like a 'political football' should be replaced by a 'partnership covenant' between governments and the education profession.  Only this kind of collaboration can usher in a new era of both policy stability and innovation.  While this message was delivered nearly 15 years ago it remains highly relevant today as we think about ways of rebuilding an education system undermined by Conservative government policy and austerity and, more recently, the Labour Government's policy hesitancy and lack of vision.

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Ken Spours 2011 TED talk
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